★Mfundo ya injini: Mfundo ya injini ndi yosavuta kwambiri. Mwachidule, ndi chipangizo chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi kuti apange mphamvu ya maginito yozungulira pa koyilo ndikuyendetsa rotor kuti izungulira. Iwo omwe aphunzira lamulo la electromagnetic induction amadziwa kuti koyilo yopatsa mphamvu imakakamizika kuzungulira mugawo la maginito. Ichi ndiye mfundo yofunikira ya injini. Uku ndiye kudziwa kwa junior sekondale physics.
★Mapangidwe amotor: Aliyense amene wathyola injini amadziwa kuti injiniyo imakhala ndi magawo awiri, gawo lokhazikika la stator ndi gawo lozungulira motere: 1. Stator (gawo loyima) Stator core: gawo lofunikira la injiniyo. maginito kuzungulira, ndi stator mapiringidzo amaikidwa pa izo; stator winding: koyilo, gawo lozungulira la injini, lolumikizidwa ndi magetsi, lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga maginito ozungulira; maziko: konzani pachimake cha stator ndi chivundikiro chakumapeto kwa mota, ndikuchita nawo chitetezo ndi kutaya kutentha; 2. Rotor (gawo lozungulira) Rotor pachimake: gawo lofunikira la maginito amagetsi, kuzungulira kwa rotor kumayikidwa pachimake; kuzungulira kwa rotor: kudula maginito ozungulira stator kuti apange mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi komanso yapano, ndikupanga torque yamagetsi kuti izungulire injini;
1. Stator (gawo loyima) Stator pachimake: gawo lofunika kwambiri la maginito amagetsi, pomwe mafunde a stator amayikidwa; stator winding: koyilo, gawo lozungulira la mota, lolumikizidwa ndi magetsi, lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga maginito ozungulira; maziko: konzani pachimake cha stator ndi chivundikiro chakumapeto kwa mota, ndikuchita nawo chitetezo ndi kutaya kutentha; 2. Rotor (gawo lozungulira) Rotor pachimake: gawo lofunikira la maginito amagetsi, ndi mafunde a rotor omwe amayikidwa pachimake; kuzungulira kwa rotor: kudula maginito ozungulira stator kuti apange mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi komanso yapano, ndikupanga torque yamagetsi kuti izungulire injini;
★Ma formula angapo owerengera ma motors: 1. Electromagnetic related 1) Njira yopangira mphamvu yamagetsi ya mota: E=4.44*f*N*Φ, pomwe E ndi mphamvu ya coil electromotive, f ndiye ma frequency, S ndiye gawo lozungulira la kondakitala (monga pachimake chachitsulo) chomwe chimazunguliridwa mozungulira, N ndi kuchuluka kwa kutembenuka, ndipo Φ ndi maginito flux. Sitidzafufuza momwe fomula imapangidwira, koma makamaka tiyang'ane momwe tingaigwiritsire ntchito. Mphamvu ya electromotive yochititsa chidwi ndiye gwero la mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi. Pamene kondakitala ndi mphamvu ya electromotive yochititsa kuti atsekedwe, mphamvu yowonongeka idzapangidwa. Zomwe zimapangidwira zidzayendetsedwa ndi mphamvu ya Ampere mu mphamvu ya maginito, kupanga mphindi ya maginito, motero kuyendetsa koyiloyo kuti izungulira. Kuchokera pa ndondomeko yomwe ili pamwambayi, tikudziwa kuti kukula kwa mphamvu ya electromotive kumayenderana ndi ma frequency amagetsi, kuchuluka kwa ma coil, ndi maginito. Njira yowerengera maginito flux ndi Φ=B*S*COSθ. Pamene ndege yomwe ili ndi dera la S ili pafupi ndi mphamvu ya maginito, ngodya θ ndi 0, COSθ ndi yofanana ndi 1, ndipo ndondomekoyi imakhala Φ=B*S.
Kuphatikiza ma formula awiri omwe ali pamwambawa, titha kupeza njira yowerengera mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi: B=E/(4.44*f*N*S). 2) Linalo ndi Ampere force formula. Ngati tikufuna kudziwa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya koyiloyo, tifunika fomula F=I*L*B*sinα,pamene ine ndikulimba,L ndi kutalika kwa conductor,B ndi mphamvu ya maginito, ndi α. ndi ngodya yomwe ili pakati pa komweko ndi komwe kumayendera maginito. Pamene waya ndi perpendicular ku mphamvu ya maginito, chilinganizocho chimakhala F = I * L * B (ngati ndi N-turn coil, maginito a flux B ndi maginito othamanga a N-turn to coil, ndipo palibe muyenera kuchulukitsa N kachiwiri). Podziwa mphamvu, timadziwa torque. Makokedwewo ndi ofanana ndi torque wochulukitsidwa ndi utali wozungulira, T = r * F = r * I * B * L (vector product). Kupyolera mu njira ziwiri za mphamvu = mphamvu * liwiro (P = F * V) ndi liwiro la mzere V = 2πR * liwiro pamphindi (n masekondi), tikhoza kukhazikitsa ubale ndi mphamvu ndikupeza ndondomeko ya nambala 3 pansipa. Komabe, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti torque yeniyeni yotulutsa imagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawiyi, kotero mphamvu yowerengera ndiyo mphamvu yotulutsa. 2. Njira yowerengera liwiro la mota ya AC asynchronous ndi: n=60f/P. Izi ndizosavuta. Kuthamanga kumayenderana ndi ma frequency operekera mphamvu komanso mosagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa mapeyala amoto (kumbukirani, ndi awiri). Ingogwiritsani ntchito ndondomekoyi mwachindunji. Komabe, chilinganizochi chimawerengera liwiro la synchronous (kuzungulira kwa maginito liwiro). Liwiro lenileni la motor asynchronous lidzakhala lotsika pang'ono kuposa liwiro la synchronous, kotero nthawi zambiri timawona kuti 4-pole motor nthawi zambiri imakhala yopitilira 1400, osafikira kusinthika kwa 1500. 3. Ubale pakati pa torque ya injini ndi liwiro la mita ya mphamvu: T = 9550P / n (P ndi mphamvu ya injini, n ndi liwiro la injini), zomwe zimachokera ku zomwe zili mu No. 1 pamwambapa, koma sititero ' Simufunikanso kuphunzira momwe mungatengere, ingokumbukirani fomula yowerengera iyi. Koma kachiwiri, mphamvu P mu chilinganizo si mphamvu yolowera, koma mphamvu yotulutsa. Chifukwa galimoto ili ndi zotayika, mphamvu yolowera sifanana ndi mphamvu yotulutsa. Komabe, mabuku nthawi zambiri amakhala abwino, ndipo mphamvu yolowera imakhala yofanana ndi mphamvu yotulutsa.
4. Mphamvu yamagalimoto (mphamvu zolowetsa): 1) Njira yowerengera mphamvu yamagetsi yagawo limodzi: P=U*I*cosφ. Ngati mphamvu ndi 0.8, voteji ndi 220V, ndipo panopa ndi 2A, ndiye mphamvu P = 0.22 × 2 × 0.8 = 0.352KW. 2) Njira yowerengera mphamvu yamagetsi yamagawo atatu: P = 1.732 * U * I * cosφ (cosφ ndi mphamvu yamagetsi, U ndiye voteji ya mzere wa katundu, ndipo ine ndi mzere wamakono). Komabe, mtundu uwu wa U ndi ine umagwirizana ndi njira yolumikizira injini. Pamene kugwirizana nyenyezi ntchito, popeza malekezero wamba wa koyilo atatu ndi voteji 120 ° popanda olumikizidwa pamodzi kupanga mfundo 0, voteji yodzaza pa koyilo katundu kwenikweni voteji gawo; ndipo pamene kugwirizana makona atatu ntchito, aliyense koyilo chikugwirizana ndi mzere mphamvu malekezero onse, kotero voteji yodzaza katundu koyilo ndi voteji mzere. Ngati tigwiritsa ntchito voteji ya 3-phase 380V, koyiloyo ndi 220V polumikizana ndi nyenyezi ndi 380V polumikizana ndi makona atatu, P=U*I=U^2/R, kotero mphamvu yolumikizana ndi makona atatu ndi 3 nthawi yolumikizana ndi nyenyezi. , ndichifukwa chake ma motors amphamvu kwambiri amagwiritsa ntchito nyenyezi-delta poyambira. Kudziwa chilinganizo pamwambapa ndikuchimvetsetsa bwino, simudzasokonezedwanso ndi mfundo ya injini, ndipo simudzawopa kuphunzira maphunziro ovuta ngati kukoka kwa mota. ★Zigawo zina zamagalimoto.
1) Fan: nthawi zambiri imayikidwa pamchira wa injini kuti iwononge kutentha kwa injini; 2) Bokosi la Junction: lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizana ndi magetsi, monga AC magawo atatu asynchronous motor, ndipo imathanso kulumikizidwa mu nyenyezi kapena makona atatu ngati pakufunika; 3) Kunyamula: kulumikiza mbali zozungulira ndi zoyima za injini; 4. Chophimba chakumapeto: kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kumakwirira kunja kwa galimoto, zomwe zimagwira ntchito yothandizira.
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