★Nheyo yemota: Nheyo yemota iri nyore kwazvo. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, chishandiso chinoshandisa simba remagetsi kugadzira inotenderera yemagineti pane coil uye inotyaira rotor kutenderera. Avo vakadzidza mutemo we electromagnetic induction vanoziva kuti coil ine simba inomanikidzwa kutenderera mundima yemagineti. Uyu ndiwo musimboti wekutanga wemota. Uku ndiko kuziva kwejunior high school fizikisi.
★Motor structure: Chero ani abvisa mota anoziva kuti mota yacho inonyanya kuumbwa nezvikamu zviviri, fixed stator part uye inotenderera rotor part, sezvinotevera: 1. Stator (stationary part) Stator core: chikamu chakakosha chemota. magnetic circuit, uye stator winding yakaiswa pairi; stator winding: iyo coil, chikamu chedunhu chemota, chakabatana nemagetsi, chinoshandiswa kugadzira inotenderera yemagineti; base: gadzirisa iyo stator core uye mota yekupedzisira chivharo, uye ita basa mukudzivirira uye kupisa kupisa; 2. Rotor (chikamu chinotenderera) Rotor core: chikamu chakakosha chemotor magnetic circuit, rotor winding inoiswa mu core slot; rotor winding: kucheka stator inotenderera magineti kugadzira induced electromotive simba uye yazvino, uye kugadzira electromagnetic torque kutenderedza mota;
1. Stator (stationary part) Stator core: chikamu chakakosha chemotor magnetic circuit, iyo iyo stator winding inoiswa; stator winding: iyo coil, chikamu chedunhu chemota, chakabatana nemagetsi, chinoshandiswa kugadzira inotenderera yemagineti; base: gadzirisa iyo stator core uye mota yekupedzisira chivharo, uye ita basa mukudzivirira uye kupisa kupisa; 2. Rotor (chikamu chinotenderera) Rotor core: chikamu chakakosha chemotor magnetic circuit, ine rotor winding yakaiswa mu core slot; rotor winding: kucheka stator inotenderera magineti kugadzira induced electromotive simba uye yazvino, uye kugadzira electromagnetic torque kutenderedza mota;
★Maformula akawanda echiverengero chemotor: 1. Electromagnetic related 1) The formula ye the induced electromotive force of the motor: E=4.44*f*N*Φ, apo E ari coil electromotive force, f ndiyo frequency, S ndiyo muchinjika-chikamu nharaunda ye conductor (senge iron core) iyo yakatenderedzwa, N ndiyo nhamba yekutendeuka, uye Φ ndiyo magineti flux. Hatisi kuzoongorora kuti formula inotorwa sei, asi kunyanya tarisa mashandisirwo ayo. Induced electromotive force ndicho musimboti we electromagnetic induction. Kana conductor ine induced electromotive force yakavharwa, induced current inogadzirwa. Ikozvino yakakonzerwa ichaiswa pasi pesimba reAmpere mundima yemagineti, ichigadzira nguva yemagineti, nekudaro ichityaira coil kutenderera. Kubva pane fomula iri pamusoro, tinoziva kuti ukuru hwesimba remagetsi rinoenderana nemagetsi emagetsi, huwandu hwemakoiri anotendeuka, uye magineti flux. Nzira yekuverenga magnetic flux ndeye Φ=B*S*COSθ. Kana ndege ine nharaunda yeS iri perpendicular kugwara remagineti, kona θ iri 0, COSθ yakaenzana ne1, uye fomula inova Φ=B*S.
Kubatanidza mafomula maviri ari pamusoro, tinogona kuwana fomula yekuverenga iyo magnetic flux intensity yemota: B=E/(4.44*f*N*S). 2) Imwe yacho ndiyo Ampere force formula. Kana tichida kuziva kuti isimba rakadii iro coil rinoiswa pasi, tinoda iyi formula F=I*L*B*sinα, pandinenge ndiri ikozvino kusimba, L ndiyo kondakita kureba, B ndiyo magnetic field intensity, uye α. ndiyo kona iri pakati pegwara razvino uye negwara remagineti. Kana waya iri perpendicular kune magnetic field, fomula inova F = I * L * B (kana iri N-turn coil, iyo magnetic flux B ndiyo yakazara magineti inoyerera yeN-turn coil, uye hapana. unoda kuwanza N zvakare). Kuziva simba, tinoziva torque. Iyo torque yakaenzana neye torque yakapetwa ne radius yekuita, T = r * F = r * I * B * L (vector chigadzirwa). Kuburikidza nemaitiro maviri emasimba = simba * kukurumidza (P = F * V) uye mutsara unomhanya V = 2πR * kukurumidza kwechipiri (n seconds), tinogona kusimbisa hukama nesimba uye kuwana chimiro cheNo. Nekudaro, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti iyo chaiyo yekubuda torque inoshandiswa panguva ino, saka iyo yakaverengerwa simba ndiro simba rekubuda. 2. Nzira yekuverenga kumhanya kwe AC asynchronous motor ndeye: n = 60f / P. Izvi zviri nyore. Iyo yekumhanyisa inoenderana neiyo magetsi ekupa frequency uye inversely inoenderana nenhamba yemota pole pairs (rangarira, iri peya). Ingoshandisa fomura zvakananga. Nekudaro, iyi fomula inoverengera iyo synchronous kumhanya (inotenderera magineti kumhanya). Iko kumhanya chaiko kweiyo asynchronous mota ichave yakadzikira zvishoma pane iyo synchronous kumhanya, saka isu tinowanzo kuona kuti iyo 4-pole mota inowanzopfuura 1400 revolutions, isingasviki 1500 revolutions. 3. Ukama huri pakati pemoto torque uye simba remamita kumhanya: T = 9550P / n (P ndiyo simba remotokari, n ndiyo motokari inomhanya), iyo inogona kutorwa kubva pane zvinyorwa zveNo. 1 pamusoro, asi isu hatiiti. t inoda kudzidza kuti inoitora sei, ingorangarira iyi formula yekuverenga. Asi zvakare, iro simba P mune fomula harisi simba rekuisa, asi iro rinobuda simba. Nekuti iyo mota ine kurasikirwa, iyo yekupinza simba haina kuenzana neinobuda simba. Nekudaro, mabhuku anowanzo kurongeka, uye simba rekupinza rakaenzana nesimba rekubuda.
4. Motokari simba (simba rekupinza): 1) Single-phase motor power calculation formula: P = U * I * cosφ. Kana iyo simba iri 0.8, iyo voltage iri 220V, uye ikozvino iri 2A, ipapo simba P = 0.22 × 2 × 0.8 = 0.352KW. 2) Three-phase motor power calculation formula: P = 1.732 * U * I * cosφ (cosφ ndiyo simba rekuita, U ndiyo inotakura mutsara wemagetsi, uye ini ndiri mutsara wekutakura ikozvino). Nekudaro, iyi mhando yeU neni ine hukama neiyo nzira yekubatanidza mota. Kana kubatanidzwa kwenyeredzi kuchishandiswa, sezvo magumo akajairika emakoiri matatu ane voltages 120 ° akaparadzana akabatana kuti aite 0 poindi, iyo voltage inotakurwa pamutoro coil ndiyo chaiyo phase voltage; uye kana matatu matatu akabatana anoshandiswa, coil imwe neimwe inosungirirwa kune tambo yemagetsi kumigumo yese, saka voltage inotakurwa pamutoro wekoiri ndiyo tambo yemagetsi. Kana tikashandisa magetsi anowanzo shandiswa 3-phase 380V, coil iri 220V pakubatanidza nyeredzi uye 380V patriangles connection, P=U*I=U^2/R, saka simba riri mutriangle connection rinopetwa katatu iro rekubatanidza nyeredzi. , ndosaka mamotor emagetsi anoshandisa nyeredzi-delta nhanho-pasi kutanga. Kuziva iyo fomula iri pamusoro uye nekuinzwisisa zvakakwana, iwe hauchazovhiringika nezve musimboti wemota, uye hauzotyi kudzidza kosi yakaoma senge mota inodhonza. ★Zvimwe zvikamu zvemota.
1) Fan: inowanzoiswa pamuswe wemota kuti ibvise kupisa kwemota; 2) Junction bhokisi: rinoshandiswa kubatanidza kune magetsi, senge AC matatu-phase asynchronous mota, uye inogona zvakare kubatanidzwa mune nyeredzi kana katatu sezvinodiwa; 3) Kutakura: inobatanidza zvikamu zvinotenderera uye zvakamira zvemotokari; 4. Chivharo chekupedzisira: mberi uye kumashure kwekuvhara kunze kwemotokari, iyo inobata basa rinotsigira.
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