Chilankhulo cha Chitchaina ndi chosangalatsa kwambiri. Mawu omwewo amatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zosiyana akagwiritsidwa ntchito pazochitika zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, mawu oti “shui bao” amatanthauza kusasamalira komanso kusiya ena. Angawonjezedwenso kutanthauza kuti okwatirana amakangana ndi kutha chifukwa cha kusagwirizana. Mawuwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri mu injini.
Kutaya thumba ndi kufotokozera molakwika kwa ma mota ozungulira mabala, omwe amatanthauza zotsatira za kupindika kwakunja kwa mafunde a rotor chifukwa chakuthamanga kwambiri. Ngati tikudziwa zina za ma motors ozungulira mabala, titha kupeza kuti pali zoletsa zina pa liwiro la mtundu uwu wa mota. Kuchokera ku chiwerengero cha mizati, pali injini zambiri zokhala ndi mizati 6 kapena kuposerapo, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti liwiro lawo ndilochepa; ena opanga ma mota apanga ma 4-pole bala ma mota ozungulira, koma njira yopangira ndi yovuta, ndipo mafunde a rotor ayenera kuyesedwa kuti ndi odalirika kwambiri.
Kupanga kwenikweni ndi kutsimikizira kukuwonetsa kuti chowotcha cholimba cholimba chimakhala ndi mphamvu yoteteza phukusi kuti lisatayidwe kuposa chozungulira chofewa; kuonjezera apo, kukonza koyenera, kumangirira, varnishing ndi kuchiritsa malekezero a malekezero ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri. Kumene, ngati overspeed kuchepetsa chipangizo anawonjezera pa ntchito ya galimoto, vutoli adzathetsedwa.
Kuwonjezeka kwa chidziwitso -
Chifukwa chachikulu choponyera phukusi ndi mphamvu ya centrifugal
Chinthu chomwe chimayenda mozungulira, chifukwa cha inertia yake, nthawi zonse chimakhala ndi chizolowezi chowuluka mozungulira mozungulira. Pamene mphamvu yakunja yophatikizika ikutha mwadzidzidzi kapena yosakwanira kuti ipereke mphamvu yapakati yomwe imafunika kuti ikhale yozungulira, imasuntha pang'onopang'ono kuchoka pakati pa bwalo. Chodabwitsa ichi chimatchedwa centrifugal phenomenon.
Pakugwira ntchito kwa injini, gawo lililonse la gawo la rotor limayenda mozungulira kuzungulira pakati pa shaft yamoto. Malinga ndi mgwirizano wapakati pa liwiro ndi mphamvu yapakati pakuyenda mozungulira, kuthamanga kwakukulu, mphamvu ya centrifugal imakulirakulira.
Zomwe zimawonedwa m'moyo ndi makina ochapira mbiya zamadzimadzi, kupanga maswiti a thonje, etc. Centrifugal speed regulators, centrifugal testers, centrifugal dryers, centrifugal precipitators, makina ochapira mbiya zamadzimadzi, kupanga maswiti a thonje, makina osankha ndalama zokha, discus ndi mpikisano woponya nyundo mumpikisano. masewera, etc. onse ntchito zothandiza mfundo centrifugal.
Chilichonse chili ndi ubwino ndi kuipa kwake. Chifukwa cha mphamvu ya centrifugal, ngozi zina zitha kuchitika, zomwe zimawononga miyoyo ya anthu. Kwa magalimoto oyendetsa m'misewu yopingasa, mphamvu yapakati yomwe imafunika potembenuka imaperekedwa ndi kukangana kokhazikika pakati pa mawilo ndi msewu. Ngati liwiro liri lokwera kwambiri potembenuka, mphamvu yofunikira yapakati F ndi yayikulu kuposa kukangana kwakukulu kosunthika, ndipo galimotoyo imayendetsa mayendedwe apakati ndikuyambitsa ngozi zapamsewu. Chifukwa chake, magalimoto saloledwa kupitilira liwiro lomwe latchulidwa m'mphepete mwa msewu. Mawilo ozungulira othamanga kwambiri, ma flywheels, etc. nthawi zambiri amathyola ndikuwombera mofulumira chifukwa cha mphamvu zakuthupi ndi ming'alu yamkati.
Kuwonjezeka kwa chidziwitso -
Kodi mphamvu ya centrifugal ndi chiyani?
Mphamvu ya Centrifugal ndi mphamvu yeniyeni, chiwonetsero cha inertia, chomwe chimasuntha chinthu chozungulira kutali ndi malo ake ozungulira. Mu Newtonian mechanics, mphamvu yapakati yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kufotokoza mfundo ziwiri zosiyana: mphamvu ya inertial yomwe imawonedwa mu mawonekedwe osagwirizana ndi inertial, ndi balance of centripetal force. M'makaniko a Lagrangian, mphamvu yapakati nthawi zina imagwiritsidwa ntchito kufotokoza mphamvu zamtundu uliwonse pansi pa dongosolo logwirizanitsa.
Munthawi yanthawi zonse, centrifugal force si mphamvu yeniyeni. Ntchito yake ndikungowonetsetsa kuti malamulo a Newton oyenda atha kugwiritsidwabe ntchito pozungulira. Palibe mphamvu ya centrifugal mu chimango cha inertia, ndipo mphamvu ya inertial imangofunika mu mawonekedwe osagwiritsa ntchito inertial.
Tangoganizani diski yomwe ikuzungulira pakati pake ndi liwiro la ω. Pa diski pali chipika chamatabwa cha misa m, cholumikizidwa ndi chingwe, kumapeto kwake komwe kumakhazikika pakati pa diski (komanso pakati pa kuzungulira). Kutalika kwa chingwe ndi r. Chida chamatabwa chimazungulira ndi disk. Poganiza kuti palibe kukangana, chipika chamatabwa chimazungulira chifukwa cha kugwedezeka kwa chingwe. Kwa wowonera akuzungulira ndi diski, chipika chamatabwa chimakhala chokhazikika. Malinga ndi lamulo la Newton, mphamvu ya ukonde pa matabwa iyenera kukhala ziro. Komabe, chipika chamatabwa chimangotengera mphamvu imodzi, kugwedezeka kwa chingwe, kotero mphamvu ya ukonde si zero. Kodi izi zikuphwanya lamulo la Newton? Lamulo la Newton ndilovomerezeka mu dongosolo la inertial, koma ndondomeko yowonetsera yozungulira ndi diski ndi dongosolo lopanda inertial, kotero lamulo la Newton silikugwira pano. Kuti lamulo la Newton likhalebe mu dongosolo lopanda inertial, mphamvu ya inertial, yomwe ndi centrifugal force, iyenera kutchulidwa.
Kukula kwa mphamvu ya centrifugal ndi yofanana ndi kupsinjika komwe kumaperekedwa ndi chingwe, koma malangizowo ndi osiyana. Pambuyo poyambitsa mphamvu ya centrifugal, kuchokera kwa wowonera yemwe akuzungulira ndi diski, chipika chamatabwa nthawi yomweyo chimagonjetsedwa ndi mphamvu ya chingwe ndi mphamvu ya centrifugal, yomwe ili yofanana mu kukula ndi zosiyana ndi njira, ndi ukonde. mphamvu ndi zero. Panthawiyi, chipika chamatabwacho sichimaima, ndipo lamulo la Newton ndi loona.